Process of creation

While the story develops to the In terms of finding the correct expression with sound and music, I have especially taken reference with a variety of dance pieces. I have emphatically analyzed the piece “Greed” dance by dancers Josh Killacky and Jade Chynoweth, dancing to the music “Weight In Gold” (Ekali remix) by Gallant. 

“Weight In Gold” (Ekali Remix) demonstrates masterful sound design through its sophisticated layering and emotional dynamics. The composition opens with ethereal, filtered vocals that create tension before dropping into heavily compressed, layered bass elements. The remix employs intricate sidechaining techniques, creating a pulsing, breathing effect between the vocal cuts and bass drops. Notable features include pitched-up vocal chops with reverb trails, heavy sub-bass with harmonic distortion, and syncopated percussion with varied velocities. The arrangement utilizes a wide stereo field in the atmospheric pads, strategic use of silence and build-ups, granular synthesis on vocal elements, and dynamic filtering throughout transitions. The aggressive multiband compression during drops helps balance the intense electronic elements with the emotional vulnerability of the original vocals, creating a powerful reimagining of the original track.

I find that using the base layer using only root notes of chords for mid and high frequencies as harmonics, and using osc to create the texture with kick as the last stopping point, then it will form an emotion of struggling and that was performed in the dance as well. This inspired me massively, I have then used a wowble base and warehouse kit in my work to express the tension and struggles that depression disorder patients feel. 

This was the first version that my partner answered back my sound track. It was very blurry and was not exhibiting how we were expecting. The reason this happened is because of the place limitation since my partner is located in a very small town, she could not find a suitable place and consider that bedroom are the best suitable scene to match with our plan. However, we are both not satisfy with the result, thus, I ask her to find somewhere more empty to try one more time.

And this was the second result, it was still not good enough. Despite the background is much more clear than the last one. But the movement was hard to identify since it is such a small space. I point out that the key of work is answering with dance, if the movement was not clear enough for the audience to see, then we have lost our aim of expressing with sound – dance.

I then sent her the example I found and waited for her response. Fortunately, we reached an accord; both of us found the situation too packed, and by the conclusion, she had moved to an open space. She told me it was her first time recording dance in public, and she was anxious but enjoying the process of creating and expressing, not just for the depression conditions patients, but also for herself.

This was the final version that she send me, it is still not the best but her improvement and couragement is what want to see and receive in this project. And from the first to end, we never forgotten that we are speaking for the depression disorder community. This experience, in my opinion, will enable us to do much better in the future.

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Process of creation

During the argument section, I utilized a couple argument field recording on freesound that is in chinese, it is a very vivid scene where couples are fighting about some daily problems that are slowly evolving to family issues and eventually exploited with all the tolerance. The reason I used Chinese here is because in Asian culture people usually keep quiet with the negative side with the family, they remain silent until there’s no more space to be quiet. This is a very typical example of family issues in Asian families. Therefore, this is also the reason why usually the children that are born within those families are easilier to develop into depression and anxieties disorder, they have to learn from it and receive from it at the same time. Thus, I want to present that phenomenon inside this piece. And this has been communicated in the mindmap with my partner where we both agree, especially with our chinese background, we felt really relatable. 

Where in this sound work I designed the argument to be surrounding and shows like the symptom of ptsd or showing how traumatized the protagonist is as the voice still trapped her even inside her dream. To form this effect I have utilized acid distortion to add in texture and scarness, auto pan for the left and right channel surrounding the ear, auto filter exchanging in between low and high frequencies and resolution to form the close and far distance exchanges. I have even added the automation in distort to imitate the effect of how these words keep surrounding and breaking up inside of the patient’s head, and the distortion symbolizes the bitterly sarcastic of the words, and how they sound in the patient’s head. Allowing the audience to have a better understanding of how they would feel depressed after this situation.  

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Process of creation

While I was creating I used my midi keyboard (Fig below) to help me, I have found using the keyboard and the pad allowing me to compose more precisely. Sometimes I would use reverse and randomize to have me with my idea expansion. Randomizing and reversing music chords can break creative blocks and unlock unexpected compositional possibilities. This approach disrupts conventional musical thinking patterns, forcing the brain to process familiar elements in new ways. Randomization can reveal unique chord progressions that might not emerge through traditional composition methods, while reversing chords can create interesting tensions and resolutions that challenge standard harmonic expectations.

These techniques can also generate fresh emotional responses, as reversed chord sequences might create unconventional builds and releases. The element of chance introduced through randomization can lead to happy accidents and inspire new directions in the composition, helping composers break free from their usual patterns and musical comfort zones.

I experimented with my MIDI keyboard by first exploring velocity sensitivity to create dynamic layers of expression, then diving into aftertouch modulation to add dimensional movement to sustained notes. I mapped different knobs to control filter cutoffs and resonance, which allowed me to shape evolving textures in real-time while performing. Through recording various MIDI sequences at different tempos, I discovered interesting rhythmic variations when manipulating quantization and groove extraction. I used the keyboard to trigger granular synthesis, breaking down samples into micro-elements that I could reconstruct through performance. The most engaging experiments came from creating algorithmic compositions using arpeggiators and developing complex modulation routings that responded organically to my playing dynamics and expression controls.

In addition, I have also discovered a new dance piece trainwreck that gave me some new inspiration and learned from while I was creating. The sound elements in Trainwreck (Contemporary Dance Video) demonstrate a powerful interplay between sonic tension and physical movement:

The composition begins with harsh, distorted industrial sounds that simulate mechanical train elements, overlaid with processed screeching metal textures. The low-frequency rumbling establishes an ominous foundation, while high-frequency metallic impacts punctuate the movements.

Key sound elements include:

  • Rhythmic train wheel sounds processed through granular synthesis
  • Layered atmospheric drones creating spatial depth
  • Manipulated brake squeals with heavy reverb
  • Impact sounds synchronized with dancers’ movements
  • Filtered white noise suggesting steam/pressure
  • Deep sub-bass pulses mimicking train momentum
  • Tempo changes that match the choreography’s intensity
  • Strategic use of silence to enhance dramatic moments

The sound design effectively mirrors the emotional narrative of the dance, with sonic textures that transition between mechanical harshness and human vulnerability through careful processing and arrangement.

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Experimentation while creating the piece

  1. Collecting data and experiment 

I have first written the storyline on top of the Live set with time sections, this helped me create a clear emotional trajectory and narrative structure for the sound work. It serves as a roadmap for selecting appropriate sound effects, determining dynamic changes, and planning the progression of musical elements. The storyline helps composers visualize the emotional peaks and valleys, identify key transition points, and ensure each sound element serves a purpose in the narrative. This pre-planning process makes the composition more cohesive and emotionally impactful, rather than just a collection of sounds.

Since I have a scene in my mind, my following step was to find the corresponding instrument and sound effects. I discovered that thunder was a good field recording for me to add, this sound structure has created an environment of sadness, scared and unstable. I experimented with using sitar delay and guitar, but both of them could not blend with the recording, as well as not matching the emotions that I was trying to express, too much high frequency sounds more disturbing and excited than how depression disorder patients actually feels as we researched, I have then removed it and changed to a wave evolve pad, that fits more to a dreamy and unsafe situation.  

I have also experimented with the intro, and this was communicated with my partner. She considers using electronic piano might be too industrialized and not as close to real life, since the emotions are very humanized. Maybe using real piano recording could feel vivid and form a real scene in front of the audience. After this meeting, I have reflected and improved on my work by recording with a real piano, with a real piano it did add the sense of texture and vividness. In addition, I have added in the sound effect of reverb and spectrum, that creates the distance and space of the work, which allows the audience to feel empathic with the scene, as it imitates human ear hearing and includes the audience inside of the piece.  

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Soundwork Story timeline planning:

Story timeline planning:

Timeline: (5mins in total)Context: 
0:00-0:30Storyline: Women go to bed and fall asleep, here she doesn’t close her light and just start dreaming
Pictures that show up in your mind: 
Sound that could come with it: Calm music with a bit of suppression inside
0:30-1:00In the dream, parents argument started and she can only stay on the side and watch them
Sound: argument sound, snuggling sound, with low frequency
1:00-1:30Then going to a headache, she start to become painful and scene switch up
Sound: gradually become quieter and smooth transition to next scene 
1:30-2:00Parents start to fight for the custody of the girl, where they come up to the wall in between them where the girl starts to back off and have emotional disintegration. 
Sound: impactive 
2:00-2:30She started to dance with the ribbon, wanting to struggle but the more she does the tighter the ribbon is.
Sound: start to have a dance music, with emotional changes and depressed melody 
2:30-3:00Then she start to harm herself and having an emotional explosion 
Sound: screaming, hurtful and maybe with drum bass and distortion
3:00-3:30\\
3:30-4:00Everything start to get heavy and heartbeat start from crazy fast to clear and to finally slowing down
Sound: heat beat sound
4:00-4:30Then when she wakes up again everything back to peace, she looks at the light in front of her, that is her ptsd symptom, she is stuck with her emotion like a bad cycle. 
Sound: peaceful piano melody and eventually, off pitch and messy piano mixture together 
4:30-5:00Outro
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Final soundwork reflection

I start with a crystal singing bowl as the intro, and I added reverb in sound therapy to create a sense of space and depth, simulating natural environments that can induce relaxation and meditative states. Auto pan moves sound between audio channels, creating a dynamic spatial experience that can help with stress reduction and focus. Together, these effects can enhance the immersive quality of therapeutic sound sessions.

I have done the same with the chant, so that the human voice would be so abrupt inside of a therapeutic music. 

Then for the gongs I added drum buss, due to the reason the gongs’ sound is kind of blurry with the echos, the drum buss could emphasize the attack sound, and present a well beat and transaction for the soundtrack. In addition, Drum buss processing in sound therapy works by enhancing rhythmic elements through compression, saturation, and transient shaping. It creates fuller, more grounded beats that can help synchronize brainwaves and regulate heart rates. The enhanced low frequencies and controlled dynamics can promote deeper relaxation and emotional release during therapeutic sessions.

Later on with the Tuning fork was the key of the entire sound set, because this sound was used largely in sound therapy that could medically help patients. I have tried myself when I added vibration inside of the sound, it could impact the brain cells and form a distraction to our active brain. This could help people who are affected by their massive thoughts and anxieties to rest for a short while. In terms of creating that effect, I added Phaser-flanger to create more beats as vibration and cut off the high frequencies so there isn’t any jarring sound that makes the patients uncomfortable. I have also added grain delay and pedal to embellish more textures for the audio.    

I did the same for the second part of the tuning fork except I lowered down the rate of phaser-flanger to ½ because later on with the chant the tuning fork might sound too noisy when it’s layered. Therefore, I speed down the rate with a softer tempo but the vibration doesn’t change much.  

For the rainstick I added echo because the original sound is too dry, it is very rough to hear when it is for therapeutic sounds, additionally, Echo effects in sound therapy create repetitive sound reflections that gradually fade, mimicking natural acoustic environments. This temporal spacing of sound can induce meditative states, help with breath regulation, and create a sense of expansiveness. The delayed repetitions can also help anchor attention and promote deeper relaxation states. I have also added an auto filter and controlled the frequency and res of it, this allowing the rise and fall to be highlighted and simultaneously ignore the very high pitches and frequency. 

Eventually I drop in the Tongue pan (deep green) with me playing it myself, this is my first time ever playing this instrument, I used the generator but it was very difficult to control, and using a tongue pan generator presents challenges in recreating the authentic harmonic richness and natural resonance of a physical handpan. Tongue pan sounds work therapeutically by producing harmonically rich overtones and sustained frequencies that promote alpha brainwave states and deep relaxation.

The hybrid reverb helps simulate the natural acoustic properties of handpan resonance, creating an immersive sound field that enhances the therapeutic experience. Compressors are crucial in controlling the dynamic range, ensuring consistent energy flow and maintaining the delicate balance between the fundamental notes and overtones.

The main challenge lies in finding the right balance between digital processing and maintaining the organic, healing qualities characteristic of acoustic handpan instruments, while ensuring the therapeutic frequencies remain pure and effective.

For my future works, I consider improving on real-life recording would help me to understand how the instrument will be collaborated together. If I have to use the generator again, then the tongue pan generator could be improved with more nuanced hybrid reverb settings and intelligent compression that adapts to the player’s dynamics. A multi-layered processing system could combine these effects to create more immersive healing environments. In addition, I’m looking forward to creating a more sophisticated integration of reverb, auto pan, and drum bus effects to develop targeted therapeutic soundscapes. The echo timing could be synchronized with brainwave patterns for enhanced meditation effects. Development could include real-time frequency analysis to optimize the balance between tongue pan harmonics and spatial effects, ensuring therapeutic frequencies remain pure while maximizing the benefits of digital processing.

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Experimentation on my sound therapy piece

First experiment i want to collaborate the instrument with classic of poetry, because while i investigating through therapy, i realize there isn’t involving any speaking voice, I want to be creative and when I research into the artwork “i am sitting in the room”, it reminds me of going to the temple. Especially with the crystal pyramid, it sounds very similar with the bells, some of them are utilizing gongs inside of the tempo as well. I found it interesting to use western sound therapy instruments to connect with Chinese chant sutras. 

I have first find three generators and experimenting to create a sound set with these

Then when I put multiple tracks of the instrument together I find that the chant sutras might be too loud to remix together. Due to the reason all chant sutras have melody itself, when it is remixed together it sounds very messy and out of range. 

I have experimented with using different instruments to create a sound set, however, when I converted the handpan to harmony it was very off pitch because the echo of the handpan was quite loud and long, it would misrecord inside of the midi track. Where the original instrumental sound sounds better, so l kept with the original design. While l was experimenting with the instruments, I also recorded koshi chimes and crystal harps. It was very similar to the singing bowl and the koshi chimes only sounded good when they were on by themselves, which did not match with my intention. So after I tried to collaborate with them, I gave up and removed them from my sound track.   

Challenging: I have put in the Chinese chant sutras following my initial idea, but it wasn’t remixed as good as I expected, because I forgot that the chinese chant sutras all has a melody itself, which its very hard to create something new base on that, but I did not stop trying, I start to put with the gongs and crystal singing bowls, and l realize it works better with low and high frequency, but I does not go with anything in between, even with harmony.

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Research into example artworks

  1. “I Am Sitting in a Room” by Alvin Lucier (1969) – A Deep Analysis

At its core, “I Am Sitting in a Room” represents a profound exploration of sound’s relationship with space and human perception. The piece begins with a deceptively simple premise: Lucier records himself reading a text that describes exactly what he’s doing. This recording is then played back into the room and re-recorded, with this process repeating multiple times. Through each iteration, the room’s natural resonant frequencies gradually emerge, while the original speech content slowly dissolves into pure musical tones.

The technical sound elements reveal themselves through a fascinating transformation process. As the original speech passes through multiple generations of playback and recording, the room’s architecture begins to assert its acoustic signature. The space itself becomes an instrument, selecting and emphasizing certain frequencies while diminishing others. What starts as clear, intelligible speech gradually morphs into a shimming tapestry of pure resonant frequencies, creating an almost otherworldly musical experience.

From a therapeutic perspective, this work offers remarkable insights into sound’s healing potential. The predictable yet profound transformation from speech to pure tone creates a unique opportunity for psychological and neurological engagement. The brain must constantly adapt its listening strategy as the sound evolves, engaging both language processing centers and musical perception areas. This dual activation creates rich opportunities for therapeutic applications, particularly in treating auditory processing disorders or speech-related conditions.

The psychological impact of experiencing this piece operates on multiple levels. The gradual dissolution of meaning into pure sound can help listeners release cognitive attachments and enter a more meditative state. The predictable progression provides a sense of safety and containment, while the transformative nature of the sound encourages acceptance of change and impermanence. These qualities make it particularly valuable for anxiety reduction and stress management.

In clinical settings, adaptations of this work’s principles have found numerous applications. Speech therapists have used similar techniques to help patients understand the relationship between their voice and their environment. The piece’s emphasis on careful listening and sound transformation has inspired treatments for auditory sensitivity and processing disorders. Its meditative qualities have been harnessed for relaxation therapy and mindfulness training.

The temporal aspect of the work – its gradual unfolding over time – serves a crucial therapeutic function. Unlike more immediate forms of sound therapy, this piece requires patience and sustained attention. The slow transformation teaches listeners to stay present with subtle changes, developing both patience and discriminative listening skills. This temporal element makes it particularly effective for attention training and developing acoustic awareness.

Modern therapeutic applications have expanded upon Lucier’s original concept. Digital technology now allows for real-time processing and interactive installations that respond to participants’ voices or movements. Virtual environments can simulate different acoustic spaces, creating customized therapeutic experiences. These adaptations maintain the core principle of acoustic transformation while making the process more accessible and clinically applicable.

The work’s enduring significance lies in its demonstration of how artistic exploration can reveal therapeutic possibilities. By stripping away the conventional aspects of both music and speech, it creates a unique space for healing and transformation. The piece shows how environmental acoustics can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, suggesting new directions for sound healing practices.

In contemporary sound therapy, the influence of “I Am Sitting in a Room” continues to resonate. Its methodical approach to sound transformation has inspired numerous therapeutic techniques and installations. The work reminds us that healing can emerge from simple processes, carefully attended to and allowed to unfold naturally. It stands as a testament to the therapeutic potential inherent in experimental sound art, bridging the gap between artistic expression and healing practice.

  1. https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/zanele-muholi/healing-through-sound 

Zanele Muholi and Toya Delazy’s collaborative sound healing project at Tate Modern represents a groundbreaking fusion of contemporary art, traditional Zulu healing practices, and sound therapy. Through a series of carefully crafted sound baths, the installation creates a therapeutic journey that responds to Muholi’s powerful photographic work while incorporating ancestral wisdom and healing traditions.

The project is structured around different parts of the human body, with each sound bath corresponding to specific bodily systems and photographic series. This anatomical approach reflects traditional healing practices where different frequencies and sounds affect various parts of the body. From reproductive glands to the pituitary gland, the progression creates a complete healing experience that builds in intensity and emotional depth.

Delazy’s composition draws from her heritage as the great-granddaughter of Zulu praise singer Princess Magogo, incorporating traditional hymns and sonic elements. The sound baths utilize various elements including piano, thunderous sounds, strings, and vocal chants, creating layers of therapeutic sound that address themes of trauma, identity, and collective healing. The use of multiple African languages in the compositions further emphasizes the project’s commitment to cultural healing and preservation.

The concept of Ubuntu – “I am because you are” – serves as the philosophical foundation of the installation, emphasizing interconnectedness and community healing. This approach is particularly significant in addressing the trauma and healing needs of marginalized communities, as represented in Muholi’s photography. The sound baths create spaces for both individual and collective healing experiences.

Each composition serves a specific therapeutic purpose. For instance, the “Throat and thyroid gland” piece incorporates ancient Zulu hymns to encourage resilience and hope, while the “Eye and pineal gland” composition uses chimes to create moments of necessary silence and self-reflection in the healing process. The final piece, “Head and pituitary gland,” brings together elements from all previous sound baths to create a culminating moment of collective healing.

The installation demonstrates how sound therapy can be effectively integrated with visual art to create multi-sensory healing experiences. By combining traditional healing practices with contemporary art forms, the project offers new possibilities for therapeutic sound applications while honoring cultural heritage and addressing modern social issues. This innovative approach to sound therapy shows how artistic expression can serve as a powerful tool for both individual and community healing.

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Research into Instrument used in sound therapy

After research in sound therapy, I want to create a meditation work of sound therapy as well. I research about the instruments used in sound therapy, the ringing bowl, the pipe, steel tongue drum, handpan, gongs, tuning forks, drums, and chimes. 

Traditional Singing Bowls
Tibetan or crystal singing bowls are cornerstone instruments in sound therapy. These bowls produce complex harmonics and sustained tones that promote deep relaxation. When struck or rimmed, they emit frequencies that resonate with different parts of the body:

  • Crystal bowls (typically 432Hz or 444Hz) align with specific chakras
  • Metal bowls produce rich overtones beneficial for meditation
  • Different sizes create varied frequencies targeting specific healing purposes
    Application: Place bowls on or around the body, or use them in room acoustics for group sessions. The sustained harmonics help induce theta brainwave states associated with deep relaxation.

Gongs
Gongs are powerful instruments that produce full-spectrum sound waves:

  • Large gongs (24-38 inches) create deep, penetrating vibrations
  • Multiple harmonics affect the body at cellular level
  • Wave-like sounds induce altered states of consciousness
    Application: Used in sound baths, positioned 4-6 feet from clients. Practitioners employ various mallets and playing techniques to create different therapeutic effects, from energizing to calming.

Tuning Forks
Precision-tuned forks offer targeted frequency therapy:

  • Weighted forks (30-128Hz) for physical healing
  • Unweighted forks (higher frequencies) for energy field work
  • Specific frequencies correspond to particular healing purposes
    Application: Applied directly to acupuncture points, muscles, or held near the body to influence the biofield. Often used in pairs for creating specific frequency relationships.

Drums and Rattles
Rhythmic instruments connect with the body’s natural rhythms:

  • Frame drums (3-4Hz) match theta brainwave patterns
  • Shamanic drums aid in emotional release
  • Rattles clear stagnant energy and stimulate circulation
    Application: Used to create rhythmic entrainment, helping regulate heart rate and nervous system responses. Particularly effective in group settings for community healing.

Modern Electronic Instruments
Contemporary sound therapy incorporates technological tools:

  • Sine wave generators for precise frequency work
  • Binaural beat generators for brainwave entrainment
  • Digital sound synthesis for specific therapeutic frequencies
    Application: Used in clinical settings for targeted treatment protocols, often combined with traditional instruments for comprehensive therapy.

Best Practices for Instrument Application:

Assessment

  • Evaluate client’s needs and sensitivity
  • Choose appropriate instruments and frequencies
  • Consider contraindications

Environment

  • Create proper acoustic space
  • Control ambient noise
  • Ensure comfortable temperature and lighting

Session Structure

  • Begin with grounding instruments
  • Layer sounds progressively
  • Allow adequate integration time

Integration

  • Combine instruments thoughtfully
  • Consider harmonic relationships
  • Monitor client response
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Collaborating Mind-map/Flowchart; research into project storyline

https://www.canva.com/design/DAGlR9BIkFs/b38D8u9W92_izdkcU3BIQA/edit?utm_content=DAGlR9BIkFs&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton (Link to the Flowchart)

In this mind-map, me and my partner discussed the project storyline, and the concept of our project. During the process of refining what the story was trying to express, me and my partner had a few conflicts on use of equipment, and how the story is going to end. Firstly, we have to try to decide the ending of the story. I consider it is better to tell a complete story with a good ending, such as how the main character gets sick and how she finally overcomes it. However, my partner holds the point of how difficult mental diseases could be cured, statistically there only minor population of mental illness patients can be cured, and most of them can only be stabled and have the risk of relapse. Therefore, she considers we should keep the ending based on reality, which is also part of our aim of allowing the audience to have a better understanding of the real mental disorder. After we finished our real case study, I found her suggestions very reasonable, it is a greater idea than a happy ending. Thus, we adjusted our storyline with more sad elements leading to a painful ending. As we can see from the flowchart, we have been through many discussion on various details, in this teamwork, I was holding the role of researching and focus more on the details, I want to show how every slot happened and equipment used is what for pushing the protagonist walking into despair, depression is never a simple emotion, I do want the audience to see it, realize it, and empathize with it, which all details we added in is to create the setoff for the final emotion explosion. 

My partner’s storyline planning, The feedback and discussions are writed in the comment bubble
Those are my storyline, which I have made some extension on my parent’s storyline, the blue boxes are her comments, it also includes what we have disccussed and come to a solution.

The next steps is to create the sound work and waiting for her to answer me back using dance, and we then will make adjustment together later.

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